Compendium of U.S. Copyright Practices, 3rd Edition

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1103.1 (D) The Works Must Be Distributed to the Public in the Unit

1103.1 (D) The Works Must Be Distributed to the Public in the Unit


The self-contained works must be distributed to the public as an integral part of the unit. A unit that merely offers works to the public without distributing actual copies or phonorecords does not satisfy this requirement. Likewise, works that have been physically packaged or bundled for distribution or sale to wholesalers, distributors, retailers, or other intermediaries for the purpose of further distribution, public performance, or display do not satisfy this requirement. For instance, when a record company bundles a compilation of tracks together with cover art and liner notes, and distributes them to the public on a physical album, the album would qualify as a unit of publication. By contrast, when a record company distributes tracks to the public on an individual basis or licenses its entire catalog to a streaming website to facilitate the public performance of those tracks, neither the tracks nor the catalog would qualify as a unit of publication.

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